Noble Gas Notation For Zinc

five.xx: Noble Gas Configuration

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How does it experience to be total after a meal?

Envision that yous have nigh finished a neat meal, only cannot put another bite in your mouth considering there is no place for it to become. The noble gases have the same trouble—there is no room for any more electrons in their outer shells. They are completely full and cannot handle any more.

Noble Gas Configuration

Sodium, chemical element number eleven, is the first chemical element in the third flow of the periodic table. Its electron configuration is \(1s^two 2s^ii 2p^6 3s^1\). The offset ten electrons of the sodium cantlet are the inner-beat electrons and the configuration of just those ten electrons is exactly the same as the configuration of the element neon \(\left( Z=10 \right)\). This provides the basis for a shorthand notation for electron configurations called the noble gas configuration. The elements that are found in the last column of the periodic table are an of import grouping of elements called the noble gases. They are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. A element of group 0 configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last element of group 0 prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. So for sodium, we make the substitution of \(\left[ \ce{Ne} \correct]\) for the \(1s^2 2s^two 2p^6\) part of the configuration. Sodium's noble gas configuration becomes \(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^one\). Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows the noble gas configurations of the third period elements.

Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Electron Configurations of Third-Period Elements
Element Proper noun	Symbol	Atomic Number	Noble Gas Electron Configuration
Sodium	\(\ce{Na}\)	11	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^1\)
Magnesium	\(\ce{Mg}\)	12	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^two\)
Aluminum	\(\ce{Al}\)	13	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^two 3p^1\)
Silicon	\(\ce{Si}\)	fourteen	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^2 3p^2\)
Phosphorus	\(\ce{P}\)	fifteen	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^2 3p^3\)
Sulfur	\(\ce{S}\)	sixteen	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \correct] 3s^2 3p^4\)
Chlorine	\(\ce{Cl}\)	17	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^ii 3p^5\)
Argon	\(\ce{Ar}\)	18	\(\left[ \ce{Ne} \right] 3s^2 3p^6\)

Again, the number of valence electrons increases from one to eight across the third period.

The quaternary and subsequent periods follow the same pattern, except for the apply of a different noble gas. Potassium has nineteen electrons, i more the element of group 0 argon, and then its configuration could be written equally \(\left[ \ce{Ar} \right] 4s^1\). In a like fashion, strontium has 2 more electrons than the noble gas krypton, which would permit usa to write its electron configuration equally \(\left[ \ce{Kr} \right] 5s^2\). All elements tin can be represented in this fashion.

Summary

The noble gas configuration organisation allows some shortening of the full electron configuration by using the symbol for the noble gas of the previous period equally office of the design of electrons.

Review

What is the element represented by \(\left[ \ce{Ne} \correct] 3s^ii 3p^2\)?
What element has this electron configuration \(\left[ \ce{Ar} \right] 3d^7 4s^two\)?
What element of group 0 would be part of the electron configuration annotation for Mn?
How would you lot write the electron configuration for Ba?